The main objectives of applied geography provide logical paths in utilization of natural resources and humans and human society is a desirable development applied geography is a discipline between science and the highest correlation with the logistics planning to land. The majority of land preparation in science findings are used in this direction with this view applied geography relation system with attitude between science and comprehensive planning studies, preparation of land is with this view this paper explain land logistics project, the role of geography in determining the practical approach and theoretical framework and model, research methods and analysis in various stages of planning studies and land preparation is presented.

The background of consideration to local and national characteristics of land preparation management in development plans is recently and also of old. It is of old because it is traced back to Human presence in land area and definition of the land and curiosity about life. It is recent because it has been begun in the last 100 years and it started mainly in the half of the past century and after War II with the French Studies. In This article we reviewed these dimensions, the global and international experiences in land preparation management issue and its history in Iran which return to 30s solar. The Styran group's studies and the activities which have done before and after the Islamic Revolution in this area are also investigated.We also alluded Toffler works which refers to international preparation and World management, and then explained the process of land preparation in three dimensions_ organize the preparatory studies, inquire current situation, and prospective survey. Then we categorized necessary steps for each of them. At the end of the article Land preparation results and organizational system of plan preparation and its Charts and also Social Development Manager, and land preparation Position were traced.

Introduction Developments in recent decades have caused wars to undergo extensive transformations and changes in terms of nature, corresponding to this change of governments, in order to face these developments and changes, it is necessary to change one's outlook and perception in designing strategy so, they can move in harmony with the evolution of the nature of wars and reduce the challenges and damages caused by it on their territory as much as possible. In the meantime for prevention of the strategy of defense of the territory according to the new nature of wars, it can have a prominent position. Because the land defense plan as one of the land plan approaches is trying to rationally organize the land according to its capacities and potentials with an emphasis on defense and security. In a way that can maintain the security and integrity of the land, guarantee the independence and protection of the people against any attack and threat of the enemy, insecurity, create gaps and faults, wise and appropriate distribution of vital places and sensitive centers and infrastructures, balanced distribution of defense forces- It provided security in the territory on according to the capacities and facilities of the territory. Based on this, the present research seeks to extract the effective components on the design of the defense strategy of the Middle East countries, so that based on it, they can reduce the insecurity and costs (financial and life) to the extent while maintaining their survival to reduce the space of the country. Research methodology The current research method is based on content analysis and library and field sources (interview) were used to collect information. In the library findings section, components have been extracted from past theories and works, and in the second step, the components have been confirmed by interviewing seven of the scientific-military elites and reaching theoretical saturation. Results and discussion The studies conducted to extract the components affecting the defense of the Middle East countries show the absence of a comprehensive scientific theory and work in this field, and various theories and works have been used to extract the components. In this context, 12 theories and eight experiences of defense training of different countries have been examined and analyzed, and based on them, 130 components have been extracted and provided to experts and thinkers in this field. The field of theoretical saturation has been extracted with seven scientific-military elites. The results of the examination of the theories and approaches that have been collected in the field of topics related to the defense of the land, along with the interviews that have been conducted with related experts and thinkers, show that both parts are Various factors on the diversity and extent of 130 components have been effective in designing the defense strategy of the Middle East countries, which are given in the form of 15 dimensions in the form of the following table based on importance: Table 3: Distribution of research components in 15 dimensions derived from theories and approaches   Row Dimensions Components 1 Economic dimension Income and its level; job and its type; economic interactions; amount and type of production; employment and unemployment; standard of living; economic justice; economic policy; Financial problems; Economic potential and capacities 2 Political dimension Power structure; political management of space; distribution of power; form of interaction; Law and political regulations; political planning; political divisions; The shape and composition of the nation; the political position of space; The level and manner of communication (transnational-transnational) 3 Geopolitical dimension Regional geopolitical structure; global geopolitical structure; Geostrategic position, status of water resources, position of countries with border rivers, degree of dependence on common water resources, common energy resources, location of energy resources, geopolitical behavior, transit position, common cultural identity, regional geopolitical position 4 Cultural dimension Customs; Religion; Language; ethnicity (race); culture of effort and employment; culture of participation; life style; social attitudes; Communication culture 5 Social dimension Social norms and anomalies; Community Relations; social gap; type and form of family; social form and structure; family and its relations; social boundaries; social organizations 6 Security dimension Border and demarcation (transnational); border (national); transnational threats; sanctions and boycotts and their effects; national unity and cohesion; ethnic and religious diversity; spatial distribution of ethnic and religious groups; The population density; political organization of space; Security technologies 7 Military dimension Military equipment; the efficiency of forces; defensive styles (strategies); the structure of forces; natural capacities and potentials; military shortcomings and limitations; number of enemies; the country's settlement region; location of military centers; military power and structure; War and its forms 8 Demographic dimension life expectancy; sexual ratio; education level; number of population; age structure; Growth rate; marital status; population density; Family size; Migration; Births and deaths 9 Scientific-health dimension Cyberspace; Bioterorism; Drug production capacity; Medical Equipment; treatment methods; the potential of elitism; the amount of scientific leap; Public health level Conclusion The results of the investigations carried out in this research show that the defense based on the transformations and developments that have taken place in different fields has undergone extensive changes and necessarily the governments in order to be able to face this changes that have taken place in the field of threats and technologies, etc., to update and make their defense strategies efficient, they should be able to take a comprehensive and up-to-date approach to the defense of the land. According to the findings of the present research, it shows that land defense as one of the forward strategies of the governments in an up-to-date and comprehensive manner includes 15 dimensions and 130 components that should be used in the design of the strategy should be considered.

Introduction: Semen analysis including sperm count, progressive and non-progressive motility, and normal morphology of spermatozoa of ejaculates from infertile men are important. In general, assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are chosen according to the semen parameters. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate semen parameters with application of one quick, standard, and inexpensive methodology. In some ART laboratories in Iran, the aforementioned analysis is done using traditional methodology such as wet preparation (microscopic slide technique) which can mislead the infertile couple. As a result, the infertile couple may not fully benefit from the treatment outcome. The objective of this prospective study was to compare the two techniques of Wet preparation and Makler - staining for analysis of semen parameters. Materials & Methods: The three parameters of count, morphology and motility of spermatozoa along with round cells of ejaculates from 50 men attending the infertility treatment program were evaluated. Following macroscopic evaluation, each seminal sample was evaluated with two different techniques of Wet and Makler - staining in a blind setting. For wet slide, semen parameters as well as round cells were studied. However, for Makler technique, Makler chamber was used for evaluation of percentage of motility and sperm count. In addition, Geimsa (WHO) staining was applied for evaluation of sperm morphology and round cells. The results showed that the volume, PH and viscosity of semen were within normal range of WHO. Results: The difference in the mean sperm count & percentage of motility was statistically insignificant. However, the sperm morpology was significantly different in the aformentioned groups (P=0.001). Also, the mean number of round cells in both groups was different (P=0.002). A total of one and nine seminal specimens were clear from round cells in Wet and Makler groups, respectively. The results showed that most variation was related to sperm morphology. For example, 5 seminal samples were abnormal in the wet method, while 32 ejaculates were abnormal in the Makler group. Conclusion: Sperm morphology' and round cells should be evaluated with more attention. Sperm morphology plays an important role in ART methodology and therefore should be counted and detected in full. It should be noted that Wet preparation technique may be used for evaluation of concentration and motility if Makler chamber is unavailable at ART laboratories.    

Background and Objective: High population growth rate has led to excessive use of capacity and double pressure on natural resources, resulting in rapid land use changes. Therefore, quick and accurate identification of types of land cover can play an effective role in planning and management. Satellite data because of vast and integrated sight covering with different electromagnetic spectrums and updated images are very suitable for making applicable Land use maps. The aim of this study is preparation of land use map using ETM+ landsat (a Case Study in Hendodar Watershed) Method: The Landsat 7 satellite images were used to determine the land use changes of Hendodar watershed in Markazi province. The GPS was used to determine the position of land use and land cover types on the basis of taking test and ground control points on field investigation. Obtained samples were used for supervised classification with four different algorithms including maximum Likelihood, minimum distance, Minimum Mahalanobis Distance and Box Classification. Findings: The optimum index factor (OIF) for the main bands and PCA (principal coordinate analysis) were used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image to create a color composite, sample set and other operation and classification. Among the algorithms, the maximum likelihood classification algorithm had better results from the types of coverage and lands use on the images. Discussion and Conclusion: The maximum likelihood classification algorithm with combination of b7, b4, b1 bands with 81. 25% accuracy is the best algorithms of land use determination and classification comparing with real ground map of the area.

Political organizing of space in each country is implemented in form of administrative divisions. Administrative divisions should be considered as an important issue in political system for preparing and implementation various programs such as economic, social, space, environmental and ecological that leads to better management and exploitation of country land. Among these programs, land use planning program is prepared and implemented in order to eliminate inequality and creating a spatial balance in many countries. This fundamental study by using analytical methods emphasized on the role of administrative divisions in preparation and implementation of Iran land. The study has been showed that the administrative division has three important effects on land use planning: 1-Creating a database 2-Establishing a base and a context for spatial planning strategies 3- implementation of the land preparation through decentralization. On the other hand, the concentration of population and activities at the center due to the heterogeneity of field divisions in Iran and the centralized system of government causing the concentration of population and activities at the center. Consequently, the lack of efficiency current divisions in preparation and execution of land leads to non-compliance with the requirements of regional and impedes to manipulate development of land preparation and programs.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies and measures necessary for alignment between teacher preparation programs and democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) and unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan and the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method and then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method and then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes and 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies and measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) and with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, and resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers and educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the challenges of developing and developing championship sport based on land preparation and strategies. This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 16 people including professors and experts who were selected by purposeful sampling method. The state-of-the-art method was previous research articles and open interviews. To examine the face and content validity, they presented robust findings to their clients and analyzed their findings and their views. In order to assess validity, transferability, and verifiability, they presented strong findings to the participants and tested their theory and their opinions. The method used for reliability was the in-house agreement method. The mean of intra-subject agreement was reported to be 0. 88. According to the findings, there were 43 open source codes that were categorized into 14 concepts. The concepts were grouped into five main indicators. Environmental, managerial and land use planning issues were identified as challenges for the development and development of championship sport based on land use planning. Establishing a R&D system and supporting and support strategies are effective strategies for enhancing championship-based sport. Finally, it should be noted that in order to achieve the development of championship sport based on land planning, different indicators should be considered and planning of development of championship sport based on land planning.

The preparation of land cover maps provides the possibility of studying the impact of land surface changes on sustainable development and is significant for a wide range of important issues at the global level. The current research aims to facilitate the preparation of land cover maps using the classification of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values ​​and prepare land cover maps from it. For this purpose, first, two complete consecutive Landsat-8 scenes of parts of Iran and Turkmenistan were selected for August 30, 2021. Then the images were classified using supervised classification algorithms including Neural Network Classification (NNC), maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Minimum Distance (MinD) and Mahalanobis Distance (MahD). In the next step, to perform an evaluation, by using a thousand ROI for a test, the overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, user accuracy and producer accuracy of the map produced by each of the algorithms were calculated. Then, using the most optimal algorithm, the threshold of NDVI image values ​​was extracted in order to classify it and the obtained map was re-evaluated for accuracy. Among the evaluated algorithms, the MLC algorithm had the most optimal performance with a kappa coefficient of 0. 75 and overall accuracy of 80. 86%. The results of evaluating the accuracy of the NDVI Based land cover Classification (NBC) index also indicated that this map has extracted the land cover map with an overall accuracy of 83% and a Kappa coefficient of 0. 77. This index showed good performance in the classification of Bare Land Class (BLC), Water Area Class (WAC) and Salt Marsh Class (SMC) with user accuracy and producer accuracy above 94%. This is while the Agricultural Land Class (ALC) and Vegetation Class (VC) were classified by this index with producer accuracy of above 73% and user accuracy of 69% and 97%, respectively. The results of this research indicate the acceptable accuracy of NDVI index values ​​for the production of natural land cover maps and can be used in order to prepare these maps for geographic monitoring and achieving sustainable environmental development.